• Published on

    Sara Corning Monument Unveiled in Markham’s Forest of Hope

    The following article by Veronique Aynedjian appeared in the August 2024 issue of Torontohye newspaper.


    On Saturday, July 13, around 100 community members and political representatives joined at Markham’s Forest of Hope to mark the unveiling of a monument dedicated to Sara Corning and her humanitarian pursuits.


    After the playing of the Canadian and Armenian national anthems, master of ceremonies Alique Barsamian explained the extraordinary life of Sara Corning, a nurse from Chegoggin, Nova Scotia, who devoted her life to the humanitarian pursuit of saving Armenian orphans during the Armenian Genocide. Following a prayer from Very Reverend Father Vartan Tashjian, parish priest of St. Mary Armenian Apostolic Church, His Worship Markham mayor Frank Scarpitti, Her Worship mayor of the Town of Yarmouth Pam Mood, Armenian Community Centre president Vahan Ajemian and Nishan Atikian from the Armenian National Committee of Toronto unveiled the monument. The monument was designed by artist Garen Bedrossian and funded by the generous contributions of Simon and Maral Hasserjian. The architect who designed the Forest of Hope was Haig Seferian. The monument is inspired by a photograph of Sara Corning with orphans on each side.


    Founder of the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education, and the event’s keynote speaker, Raffi Sarkissian shared details of Sara Corning’s life. Sarkissian explained that Corning’s one-of-a-kind humanitarian spirit was why the organization was named after the Chegoggin-born nurse. Sarkissian expressed that “Canada needs more Sara Corning,” as her humanitarian spirit must serve as a guide to our moral compasses, especially concerning genocide prevention. By commemorating Corning’s legacy, we “create a future where all rights are respected equally.” Sarkissian also referenced Hitler’s chilling words “Who, after all, remembers the Armenians” to explain that a forgotten genocide allows the precedence of genocides to continue and for new genocides to be committed.


    Markham’s mayor Frank Scarpitti spoke about how despite many moments of humankind being blighted by conflict, it is through the actions of people like Corning that we are able to find hope and light in the darkness. Scarpitti went on to explain the importance of the statue in honouring Sara Corning’s legacy and lifelong dedication to her humanitarian work.


    Yarmouth’s mayor Pam Mood also spoke about how the monument embodies Sara Corning’s legacy, which is defined by spreading kindness and the goodness of humanity.

    Sixteen political representatives from Markham in York Region attended the event, as well as Jennifer and David, two members of Sara Corning’s family.


    After the event, many families took the opportunity to take a picture with the newly erected monument. This event was truly memorable as it not only was a historical moment for genocide remembrance but also strengthened the bonds between the Canadian and Armenian communities. Let us all follow Corning’s example and continue the noble pursuit of saving humanity with grace and the kindness of our own hearts.

  • Published on

    City of Markham to Unveil Monument Celebrating Sara Corning’s Impact

    The following article was published in the July 2024 issue of Torontohye newspaper.


    Born in Nova Scotia in 1872, Sara Corning’s life was marked by extraordinary acts of bravery and humanitarianism. From her efforts in aiding the victims of the Halifax Explosion to rescuing Armenian and Greek orphans in the aftermath of World War I, Corning’s story is one of unwavering dedication to serving others in their most desperate times of need. Now, 55 years after the Canadian humanitarian’s death, a monument celebrating her life’s work and selfless accomplishments will be unveiled in Markham.


    On Saturday, July 13, 2024, the City of Markham, in collaboration with the Armenian National Committee of Toronto (ANCT), the Armenian Community centre of Toronto, and the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education, will unveil a monument in her honour at the Forest of Hope in Ashton Meadows Park. The ceremony, starting at 3 p.m., will celebrate Corning’s remarkable life and the enduring bond between the Armenian and Canadian communities. It will highlight the shared values of compassion, resilience, and mutual respect.


    Sara Corning’s courage and compassion were most prominently displayed during the Armenian Genocide, where she played a crucial role in rescuing and caring for thousands of Armenian and Greek orphans. Her tireless efforts earned her international recognition, including the Silver Cross Medal of the Order of the Saviour, awarded by King George Il of Greece in 1923. The new monument in Markham will stand as a lasting tribute to her invaluable contributions and the importance of humanitarian action in times of adversity.


    The ongoing struggles faced by Armenians today highlight the relevance of Sara Corning’s legacy. The 2020 war in Artsakh and continued humanitarian challenges have underscored the resilience and strength or the Armentan community. Families have been torn apart, homes destroyed, and lives upended by conflict and violence. Yet, despite these trials, the spirit of compassion within the Armenian community remains unbroken.

    Sara Corning’s legacy inspires action with empathy and solidarity in addressing modern challenges. Her life demonstrates that, even in the darkest times, individuals possess the power to make a difference. The monument symbolizes a commitment to fostering a world where compassion and understanding triumph over indifference and division.

    “We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Mayor Frank Scarpitti, the Markham City Council, the Armenian Community Centre of Toronto, and all those who have worked tirelessly to bring this monument to fruition. We would also like to thank the artist and sculptor, Mr. Garen Bedrossian. Your efforts ensure that Sara Corning’s legacy will continue to inspire future generations, the ANCT, Armenian Community Centre of Toronto, and the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education, an organization named in her honour, said in a statement.


    In 2016, the City of Markham designated a section of Ashton Meadows Park as the Forest or Hope in honour of the centenary or the Armenian Genocide. 1 his area symbolizes remembrance, resilience and the enduring spirit of those affected by historical injustices. designed by architect Mr. Haig Seferian, the Forest of Hope is a place of reflection and commemoration. Commemorating Sara Corning’s life and legacy calls for building upon her spirit of service and empathy, continuing her commitment to a more compassionate and just world Community members are invited to join the celebration of Sara Corning’s lite and legacy. The event will take place on Saturday, July 13, 2024, beginning at 3 p.m. at the Forest of Hope in Ashton Meadows Park, located at 200 Calvert Drive in Markham. This gathering will honour Sara Corning’s remarkable contributions and reflect on her enduring impact. Standing together in solidarity honours her memory and carries forward her spirit of service in all aspects of life.

  • Published on

    Corning Centre Launches Book Featuring Newsletters Published by the Georgetown Boys

    Image description

    The cover of the book.

    Image description

    Daniel Ohanian speaks at the book launch event in Cambridge. Photo courtesy of the Corning Centre.

    Image description

    Edgar Shahnazarian reads a story by Georgetown Boy Vahe Alexanian (Victor Alexander). Photo courtesy of the Corning Centre.


    On Friday, November 10th and Sunday, November 12th, 2023, the Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education held a pair of book launch events in Cambridge and Toronto, Ontario. The occasion was the debut of its new book Pages from Armenian-Canadian History: The Ararat Monthlies (1926-1929). The events were attended by more than 150 community members, including friends and descendants of the Georgetown Boys, and featured readings from the book.


    During the Armenian Genocide, over 100 years ago, 1.5 million people were killed, and more than half a million were left as refugees, including tens of thousands of orphaned children. Among these orphans were more than a hundred boys who were brought to Canada as part of a humanitarian effort to give them a new life in a new country. The organization that brought them over did so with the intention of teaching them agriculture and skills that would help them flourish on their own. These child survivors—the Georgetown Boys—were raised on a farm in Georgetown, Ontario, centred in what is now known as Cedarvale Park. The boys formed a strong bond. Despite being sent to farms across the province, they stayed in touch, and with the help of their teacher Aris Alexanian, began to publish a pair of newsletters called Ararat Monthly and Արարատ ամսաթերթ. The publications were meant to help the boys practice their English and Armenian and were sent to subscribers in more than 30 countries.


    Little was known about the Ararats for many years. In 2012, the newly formed Sara Corning Centre for Genocide Education received about 35 sheets of the English language version of the newsletter from the Armenian National Committee of Toronto (ANCT). The ANCT had come to own these relics courtesy of Sonya Mackey, daughter of Georgetown Boy Albert Papazian, who had donated them for safekeeping and to help commemorate the history of the Boys. Thus began a decade long hunt to learn more about these publications and a mission to compile a full anthology.


    This long and painstaking effort was spearheaded by the Corning Centre’s Director of Research, Daniel Ohanian, who partnered with Gabriella Batikian and Salpi Garabedian to organize the newsletters into a single book. As Ohanian stated, “The international search for issues of the Ararat newsletters involved emailing, calling, and visiting nearly a hundred people and institutions in five different countries. Ultimately, we found 45 issues in Canada, Armenia, Austria, France, and the United States. 45 issues, when we’d previously known of only about 30. All available in one place, which hasn’t been the case in a century.” Financially, the project was made possible by grants and donations from the National Association for Armenian Studies and Research (USA), the Knights of Vartan (USA), the Levon Perouz Babayan Foundation, and friends and descendants of the Georgetown Boys.


    “The publication of this book is a way of preserving their stories, their thoughts, and their artwork,” said the Corning Centre’s co-chair, Levon Sarmazian. “It is meant to introduce you, the reader, to the Georgetown story and to give you a sense of what the Ararats contained. It is also meant to give researchers some ideas about the kinds of questions that can be asked and answered using this material.”

    Pages from Armenian-Canadian History can be purchased from the Hamazkayin bookstore in Toronto and Amazon. A digital copy can be accessed for free through the Corning Centre’s website.

  • Published on

    Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill: Who Were the Georgetown Girls?

    The following article by Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill was published in the September 2023 issue of Torontohye newspaper. It is an extract from her forthcoming book entitled The Georgetown Children: Genocide, Orphans, and Canadian Humanitarians.


    Many of the 38 girls and young women who were sponsored to Canada by the Armenian Relief Association of Canada (ARAC) and the United Church of Canada (UCC) came from two orphanages: Miss Martha Frearson’s orphanage in Mt. Shemlon and Miss Maria Jacobsen’s orphanage in Sidon/Jibel, affectionately known as The Bird’s Nest Orphanage, both in present-day Lebanon. Frearson, a British woman, and Jacobsen, a Dane, had had a long association with Armenians. Frearson had run an orphanage for girls in Aintab. When conditions became dangerous, she evacuated her charges, under the protection of the French and British, to Mt. Shemlon. Jacobsen had been a missionary/nurse at the American Annie Tracy Riggs Memorial Hospital in Kharpert/Mezreh (currently Eliazig). After the Americans left in 1917, she ran their hospital and orphanage until the end of the war, when she returned to Denmark, exhausted. In 1922, she and her friend Karen Marie Petersen, the former director of the Emmaus Danish orphanage in Mezreh returned to the Middle East and set up an orphanage, mostly for girls.


    Both Frearson and Jacobsen ran strict operations. Girls were taught godliness, cleanliness, orderliness, and hard work. Long before World War I and the Genocide, the movement to educate Armenian girls had taken root in the Ottoman Empire. In the post-war period, the orphanages, numbering in the hundreds, had revitalized this movement. Emphasis was placed on educating the children to speak, read, and write their mother tongue, for they had come from many different backgrounds. Some had been gathered off the streets and had little or no schooling. Others had been rescued from Turkish, Kurdish, or Arab homes or from Turkish orphanages where they had been forced to speak those languages and punished for speaking Armenian.


    Education did not rule out marriage and family formation, which remained the traditional role for Armenian girls. Homemaking was all the more crucial after the Genocide to rebuild the Armenian nation. Towards this goal, girls in the orphanages were taught cooking, laundering, gardening, and childcare. On the other hand, demographic realities necessitated training girls to be self-supporting, so girls were taught the needle arts, including dressmaking, embroidery, lace-making, and rug weaving. A small number were directed into teaching, nursing, or midwifery. The entire approach to educating and training girls shows their increased value to the ethnocultural survival of the Armenian people.


    Sponsorship and immigration

    Both the ARAC and the UCC applied to the Canadian government to sponsor Armenian girls and arrange for them to work in domestic service. Sponsorship was usually arranged jointly between the ARAC/UCC and a relative, a friend, or a Canadian organization that paid for travel costs. As the chief negotiator with the government, Rev. Ira Pierce, general secretary of the ARAC and later affiliated with the UCC, notes an increase in “urgent appeals from high-class Armenian girls” wishing to come to Canada for domestic employment.


    At the same time, because there was a great need for and a shortage of domestic servants in Canada, the Armenian girls were given consideration by Immigration Department officials since, as a rule, Armenians, classified racially as Asians, were undesirable and unwelcome in Canada. Armenians were even more undesirable as refugees, for it was feared they would be a drain on the public purse.

    Typically, the Canadian government set out guidelines for the girls:


    In view of the success of the previous movement, … the Minister [of Immigration and Colonization] has agreed to the admission of fifteen additional Armenian girls, conditional on the following:

    1. That these girls shall be able … to produce valid passports and, of course pass medical inspection.

    2. That there shall not be included in the group any girl who has first or second-degree relatives in the United States and no relatives in Canada.

    3. That we will not admit the relative of any Armenian boy or girl who was admitted to Canada conditional on taking farm work or domestic service and has not observed the condition of his or her own entry. On the other hand, every consideration will be given to the inclusion of relatives of boys or girls who came in for farm work or domestic service and have remained in one or other of these occupations.

    4. That the girls or young women to be admitted will be placed in domestic employment in Canada by your Board and given the usual aftercare, and also the placement reported to the Department.

    5. That none of the above-named are leaving behind other members of their families whose admission to Canada will be applied for later and that no person shall be included who has any intention of proceeding after to join relatives or friends in the United States.


    Government authorities were clearly worried that newcomers might have relatives abroad and might apply in the future to bring them to Canada. Authorities were also on the lookout for immigrants using Canada as a backdoor to the United States.


    The girls

    When, in 1926, fifteen-year-old Kohar Bedrosian learned Canada had accepted her, her joy was boundless. She knew nothing about Canada or what a domestic was or did, but she was excited to venture forth. Kohar confides: “When I put my foot on Canadian land, when I saw that pure white snow, I fell in love. I loved it then, and I still love it!” (from an oral interview of Kohar Bedrosian Kasparian by Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill, Toronto, 1988).

    Like most of the girls, Kohar did not spend time at the Georgetown farm/home. Ordinarily, the younger girls attended school while the older ones were placed in domestic service in southern Ontario. Rev. Pierce had no problem finding work for them in refined and respectable homes, usually in Toronto and often on a two-year contract basis. The Armenian girls were never a drain on the public purse. They were never short of work and were in constant demand because of their diligence, honesty, modesty, and pleasant behaviour.


    Kohar describes her first job as a mother’s helper for a family with a seven-year-old boy and a thirteen-year-old girl. She had her own well-furnished room, ate “whatever they ate,” and never went hungry.


    I got up at seven, dressed in my black and white uniform, and did the chores. She did the laundry and cooking, I cleaned, waxed and dusted, set the table and did the dishes. After lunch, I had a bath and put on my white and yellow uniform. I hated wearing the cap, which made me feel like a slave. So she said it was okay not to wear it. I had a couple of hours break in the afternoons; I read or crocheted. Then I helped her prepare dinner. At first I was a little nervous with the vacuum cleaner, but after I learned the buttons, it was fine. But I never did the wash. I was afraid of the wringer. By 7:30, the work was done and I spent my evenings reading or doing crochet. Basically, I did whatever I was told. … I just watched and copied them to learn Canadian ways. Whatever they did, I did. I saved my $3.00 a week salary. They were very kind people and I stayed with them for fifteen months.


    Pierce placed her in another home:


    I was lucky; my second family was even more cultured than the first. I am still friends with them. During the three years that I worked for them I was very happy. She was motherly, never treated me like a maid, but like a daughter. Paid me $40 a month—of course I was more experienced by this time, and I could cook rather well. They taught me about Canada and Canadian customs, took me to concerts and plays.


    Not every girl was as fortunate as Kohar, but most fulfilled their contracts. Through contact with their Canadian employers, the girls improved their English language skills, learned about Canada and Canadian ways, and managed to adjust relatively smoothly to Canadian society. A simple event is symbolic. Following the example of some of her friends and of Canadian girls, Kohar took the risqué step one day of wearing lipstick. Her mistress took her aside and explained that she did not need lipstick to enhance her looks. Besides, cautioned her mistress, “nice” girls did not wear lipstick.


    While the girls were adjusting to Canada, they were providing an essential service to Canadian families. Mrs. Dingman of Toronto wrote to Pierce that her maid was “a splendid girl in every way.” She was pleased to report that the young Armenian girl’s “happy disposition and dependable qualities of character make her a desirable companion” for her children. “Not only does she conduct herself like a lady,” wrote Mrs. Dingman, “but she cooks good meals and takes an intelligent interest in the family’s welfare.” Such praise for the Armenian domestic servants was common.


    The future

    The relationship between the girls and the Georgetown boys remained intimate. Some were sisters of the boys, and some married Georgetown boys, thus strengthening and deepening the bonds of Armenian-Canadian community life.

    Eventually, all the girls married, some to Armenian- Canadians, others to Armenian-Americans, and started new families. Reproduction as rebuilding was embedded in the spirit and sensibilities of survivors of the Armenian Genocide.


    Orphan girls like those in Canada and elsewhere around the globe became the mothers of the survivor Armenian nation.


    The child of Armenian Genocide survivors, renowned Canadian scholar Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill has dedicated much of her professional life to researching and chronicling Armenian immigration and culture of the Diaspora. She is the author of countless monographs, articles and books, including the 2012 Sisters of Mercy and Survival: Armenian Nurses, 1900-1930, which was granted the Richard and Tina Carolan Literary Award. Her forthcoming book is entitled The Georgetown Children: Genocide, Orphans, and Canadian Humanitarians.

  • Published on

    Rupen Janbazian: The Enduring Legacy of the Georgetown Boys’ Arrival

    The following editorial was published in the September 2023 issue of Torontohye newspaper.


    “Reflecting on 100 Years: The Enduring Legacy of the Georgetown Boys’ Arrival”

    Rupen Janbazian, Editor


    As we mark the centennial anniversary of the Georgetown Boys’ arrival in Canada, we are reminded of the profound impact of Canada’s Noble Experiment—a beacon of compassion that illuminated the darkest corners of history. In a world marred by conflict and intolerance, the story of these Armenian orphans is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the power of empathy.


    Canada’s first international humanitarian act was sparked by the Armenian Genocide—an atrocity that saw the lives of 1.5 million Armenians extinguished and countless families torn apart. Amid this horror, a group of Canadians, touched by the plight of these victims, rallied to create a lifeline. The result was the arrival of a group of orphans in Georgetown, Ontario.


    The journey of the Georgetown Boys mirrors a broader narrative of hope and renewal. These boys, torn from their homeland and orphaned by tragedy, found solace in the welcoming arms of a new land. Through perseverance, they learned new skills and forged their destinies as proud Canadians and proud Armenians, embodying the spirit of resilience.


    This centennial anniversary serves as a reminder that amidst the darkest times, humanity can shine its brightest. The legacy of the Georgetown Boys is imprinted not only in the fields of Georgetown but also in the hearts of their descendants and the broader Armenian-Canadian community. Their story is a beacon that guides us to embrace diversity, extend our hands to those in need, and stand up against injustice.

    Today, the Armenian people in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) face a dire threat that echoes the shadows of history-a threat of genocide more than a century after the Armenian Genocide. The blockade of the Lachin Corridor by Azerbaijani security forces impedes access to vital resources such as food, medical supplies, and other essentials.

    The journey of the Georgetown Boys, etched in the annals of history, parallels the struggle faced by the Armenians in Artsakh today. Both stories speak to the human capacity for resilience in the face of unimaginable hardship. Today, even as we reflect on history’s brightest moments of compassion, the shadows of genocide continue to darken the lives of innocent people. As we commemorate the centennial of the arrival of the Georgetown Boys, we must also acknowledge our responsibility to respond to the cries of those in peril today.


    With this special commemorative issue, we commemorate this milestone and reflect on the journey that brought these boys to a new home, a new life. Their journey symbolizes the hope for a better future, the compassion that transcends borders, and the bonds that unite us all as human beings. It’s a story of healing and redemption, a story that continues to inspire us to be better and to do better.


    The arrival of the Georgetown Boys serves as an eternal reminder that within our collective humanity lies the potential for remarkable transformation. While we celebrate their journey, let us also renew our pledge to cultivate a world of understanding, empathy, and compassion— a realm where every child finds shelter, family, and promise. The legacy of the Georgetown Boys perseveres, kindling our awareness that even amidst adversity, the innate generosity and benevolence of humanity can illuminate the darkest corners of our shared history. However, the lessons of the past also teach us that we must act now, before it’s too late, to prevent the dark pages of history from tragically repeating themselves.

  • Published on

    Torontohye’s Call to Celebrate the Georgetown Girls

    The following editorial was published in the September 2023 issue of Torontohye newspaper.


    “Looking Towards 2026: A Call to Celebrate the (Georgetown) Girls”


    As we reflect on the centennial anniversary of the arrival of the Georgetown Boys in Canada, it’s essential to shed light on a lesser-known yet equally significant chapter — the story of the Georgetown Girls. History has often focused on the Boys’ journey. Still, it’s time to recognize the strength and resilience of the girls and women who survived the Armenian Genocide and started a new life in Canada.


    The arrival of the Georgetown Boys served as a beacon of hope, showcasing Canada’s compassion and humanity. However, as we commemorate their journey, we must not forget that there were girls and women who also embarked on survival, hope, and transformation. Known as the Georgetown Girls, these 40 individuals had a journey parallel to the Boys.


    While their tales have largely remained untold, often overshadowed by the Boys’ accounts, there are important sources and works that shed light on the Georgetown Girls’ journey and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of their experiences. Notable among these sources is “Refugee Women as Domestics: A Documentary Account” by Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill, published in the journal Canadian Woman Studies (Vol. 10, No. 1).


    Additionally, Mansoor Tanwee’s “Georgetown Girls: A Mystery in History,” published in Halton Hills Today earlier this year, and George Aghjayan’s “The Georgetown Girls: Reconstructing a Family History,” featured in The Armenian Weekly April 2013 Magazine, offer a personal and heartfelt account.


    The Georgetown Girls, ranging from five to 38 years old, arrived in Canada between 1926 and 1930, just a few years after the boys. Tracing their stories has been difficult due to the lack of historical documentation, but their presence and contributions to the Georgetown community were undeniable. The Girls carried the scars of their past but also the hope for a brighter future. Some were sisters or mothers of the boys who had arrived before them, and some married the boys after arriving, highlighting the connections that bound this community together. Yet, despite their significant role, the Girls’ stories have often been relegated. It’s time to rectify this oversight and ensure that their journeys are celebrated.


    As we commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Georgetown Boys’ arrival, let’s look forward to another milestone—the centennial of the Georgetown Girls’ arrival in 2026. This upcoming anniversary presents an opportunity to correct the historical imbalance, unearth hidden stories, and pay tribute to the resilience and strength of these women.

    We call upon historians, researchers, community organizations, and community members to join forces in uncovering the stories of the Georgetown Girls. By amplifying their voices and experiences, we can provide a more comprehensive narrative of the Armenian Genocide’s aftermath and its impact on the lives of survivors. Just as the Boys’ stories have touched our hearts, the Girls’ stories deserve to be heard, acknowledged, and remembered.